Leptospirosis

The incidence of Leptospirosis is variable, but it is highly associated with the presence of wild life (rats, raccoons, skunk, etc.) and deforestation. In Puerto Rico, rats are the main reservoir of leptospirosis. Outbreaks of the serovars associated with wild life are on the rise due to urban expansion and development increasing contac of pet animals with wild life.

Flooding has been associated with outbreaks of leptospirosis in humans and animals, and leptospirosis a human hazard for rice and sugarcane workers and a recreational hazard for swimmers and campers. Gardening, walking through ponds or stagnant water have been identified as risk factors for human leptospirosis.

Leptospirosis in dogs may be associated with acute renal and hepatic failure and coagulation abnormalities. Dogs of all ages are susceptible and there is no sex predilection. It has an incubation period of 4-12 days. At first clinical symptoms are non specific , fever ,depression, anorexia . Later as the disease progresses more severe signs will develop.Death is a likely possibility.

Identification of environmental risk factors for leptospirosis is important so preventive measures can be taken to avoid infection. Owners should be encouraged to vaccinate their dogs.

Puppies should start their vaccine schedules at six weeks of age, then every 3 to 4 weeks boosters should be administered until they reach 16 weeks of age. Adult dogs should be vaccinated once a year.